Comparative Anatomy of Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons root

• Transverse section of Dicotyledons and monocotyledons Root shows that  various tissue systems are almost similar except some basic difference. 

Epidermal tissue system 

• In both Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons root, Epidermis is outer most layer and made up of single layer of parenchyma. 

• Most of cells of epidermis are modified in to fine branches called root hairs. 

• These root hairs are unicellular and absorb water and mineral from soil.

Ground tissue system- 

• This tissue system include cortex, endodermis and pericycle in both Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons root. 

• Cortex is made up of several layer of parenchmatous cells with intercellular spaces.

• The innermost to cortex, endodermis is present in both Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons root.

• It is made up of barrel shaped cells without intercellular spaces. 

• The tangential as well as radial wall of endodermis have a deposition of substance called suberin. 

• Suberin is impermeable to water and waxy in nature. The endodermis with suberin deposition is called casparian strip.

• In both Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons root, pericycle is present next to endodermis. It is also made up of thick Walled parenchymatous cells.

• In dicotyledons root only, vascular cambium and lateral root during the secondary growth are formed from this region.  

• Monocotyledons root does not exhibit secondary growth.

• Pith is small or not clearly visible in Dicotyledons root whereas pith is large and well developed in Monocotyledons root.

Vascular tissue system - 

• In Dicotyledons root, this tissue system include xylem phloem and cambium but in Monocotyledons root, cambium is absent due to absence of secondary growth.

• In both Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons root, both xylem and phloem are connected by the parenchymatous cell. These are called connective tissue.

• There are two to four xylem and phloem bundle in Dicotyledons root but polyarch condition or more than six xylem bundle are present in monocotyledons.

• Radial vascular bundle are present in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons root.

• In Dicotyledons root, Endarch xylem is present in which  protoxylem is located towards the periphery and metaxylem are present towards the center.

• In monocotyledons root, Exarch xylem is present in which  protoxylem is located towards the center and metaxylem are present towards the periphery.