Phylum Platyhelminthes : General Characters, Classification and Example , Multiple Choice questions: NEET
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Table of Contents:
- Overview of Phylum Platyhelminthes
- General Characteristics and Habitat
- Digestive and Excretory system
- Parasitic Adaptations (Hooks, Suckers, and Nutrient Absorption)
- Reproduction and Life Cycles
- Important Examples: Taenia, Fasciola, and Planaria
- NEET 100% Selection Challenge: MCQs
Overview of Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Platyhelminthes are unsegmented ,Acoelomate , Triploblastic, bilateral symmetrical invertebrate with organ level of organisation.
- Phylum Platyhelminthes, the first group of animals in the evolutionary ladder to exhibit a complex body plan.
- Often referred to as 'Flatworms' due to their dorso-ventrally flattened bodies, these organisms are a mix of free-living forms and dreaded parasites.
- In this module, we explore the remarkable biological 'firsts' of Platyhelminthes—from being the first Triploblastic and Bilaterally Symmetrical animals to possessing specialized cells for excretion called Flame Cells.
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General Characteristics and Habitat
- They are commonly known as flat worm because they have dorso-ventrally flattened body.
- These are mostly endoparasites found in animals including human beings.
- They are bilaterally symmetrical with body sac plan, triploblastic and acoelomate animals with organ level of organisation.
- Hooks and suckers are present as the parasitic adaptation inside the host body.
- Some of them absorb nutrients from the host directly through their body surface.
- They have some Special cells called flame cells or Protonephridia to help in osmoregulation and excretion.
- Sexes are not separate. Fertilisation is internal and development is through many larval stages.
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- Some members possess high regeneration capacity.
- They have a brain with two longitudinal ventral nerve cord.
- They Respire through the body surface.
- Digestive system is incomplete because a single opening is present which serve as anus or mouth both.
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- Flame Cells (Protonephridia): The main function of these cells are Osmoregulation aur Excretion . It is most the favourite question of NEET.
- High Regeneration: Planaria has amazing power of regeneration if it is cut many pieces than each piece will be developed into new planaria.
- Parasitic Hooks: Taenia (Tapeworm) has cling with its Hooks aur Suckers to the body of host .
Digestive and Excretory System
- Digestive System is Mostly incomplete (single opening for both mouth and anus). In many parasitic forms, the digestive system is entirely absent as they absorb pre-digested nutrients directly from the host.
- Excretory System: Characterized by specialized cells called Flame Cells (Protonephridia). Their primary function is Osmoregulation (maintaining fluid balance) and Excretion of nitrogenous wastes.
Parasitic Adaptations
- Hooks and Suckers are specialized organs help the parasites attach firmly to the host's body tissues (e.g., intestinal walls).
- Certain flatworms, like Tapeworms, lack a digestive tract and absorb nutrients directly through their general body surface.
- They possess a thick outer Protective Tegument that protects them from the host's digestive enzymes and immune response.
Reproduction and Life Cycles
- Most flatworms are Monoecious (Bisexual), meaning both male and female reproductive organs are present in the same individual.
- Fertilization is Internal, and development often involves complex life cycles with multiple larval stages.
- Some members, like Planaria, possess an extraordinary high regeneration capacity, where a small fragment can grow into a complete organism.
Examples of Platyhelminthes
Planaria
- Planaria are well known for its regeneration power. It is capable to form its body part.
- They are found in both aquatic ( fresh or salt water) and terrestrial habitat.
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- Their body is unsegmented, bilateral symmetrical and leaf life.
- Planaria move by gliding on mucus which is released by ciliated dermis .
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| Planaria |
- Eye spot and Auricle are sense organ in Planaria.
- It has a developed Intestine but Respiratory and circulatory system is absent.
- Planaria is hermaphrodite and posses both male and female reproductive system in same individual.
- Planaria is carnivorous and some species are scavengers.
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Taenia
- Taenia is commonly called as Tape Worm.
- The body of Tape worm is elongated and divided into many segment called Proglottids.
- The tapeworm body is divisible into three distinct parts anterior scolex or head, a short-un segmented neck, and a segmented strobila.
- Scolex is present at the anterior end of body. It has four cup-like muscular suckers having radial muscles.
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| Taenia |
- Scolex has Rostellum which has chitinous hooks for the attachment with the intestinal mucosa of host.
- Behind the scolex, well developed neck is present which grows continuously and proliferates Proglottids by fission or budding
- The neck is followed by the strobila and form main body.
- Strobila consists of 800 to 1,000 segments or proglottids arranged in a linear series in a chain-like fashion.
- A proglottid is a unit of the body enclosing a complete set of genitalia and surrounding tissue.
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Fasciola
- It is commonly called as liver fluke. Fasciola gigantica is longest liver fluke.
- Body of fasciola is also flat with come like and contain two type of sucker as oral and ventral sucker.
- Alimentary canal of fasciola is incomplete.
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| Fasciola |
- It is endoparasite in liver and bile duct of host.
- It requires two inter mediate host to complete its life cycle. These hosts are Snail and sheep. Hence it is digenetic .
- The life cycle include various larval stage like Miracidium, sporocyst, Redia, cercariae and Meta cercariae.
- It is hermaphrodite and has male and female sex organ in one individuals.
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Comparison table between the Planaria, Fasciola and Taenia
(Swipe left to see full comparison on mobile) |
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In the Next post we will discuss about Phylum Aschelminthes (Roundworms): Characteristics, Classification & NEET Important MCQs in which Muscular pharynx has been developed in digestive system .
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1. Consider the following sentences and select the number of correct statement.
A.Members of Platyhelminthes have dorso-ventrally flattened body.
B. Members of platyhelminthes are commonly called as Round worm .
C. They are Mostly endoparasite in animals including Human.
D. Animals are Bilateral Symmetrical and pseudocoelomate.
A. One. B. Two
C. Three. D. Four
Answer : B
2. Which of the following feature is present in members of Platyhelminthes.
A. Organ level of organisation and Triploblastic
B. Pseudocoelomate and Radial symmetry
C. organ system level of organisation and Diploblastic
D. Acoelomate and Radial symmetry
Answer : A
3.Which of the following is not a characteristics of present of Flat worm.
A. Acoelomate
B.Organ system level of organisation.
C. Bilateral symmetrical
D. Triploblastic
Answer : B
4.Which of the following is not a characteristics of present of Flat worm.
A. Acoelomate
B.Organ system level of organisation.
C. Bilateral symmetrical
D. Triploblastic
Answer : B
5.Which of the followings special cell or structure is involved in Excretion and osmoregulation of Flat worm.
A. Nephredia
B. Flame cells
C. Proto nephredia
D.Flame cells and Protonepheredia both .
Answer : D
6.Which of the following Flat worm has high generation capacity.
A. Fasciola. B. Taenia
C.Planaria D. All of the above
Answer : C
7. Consider the following statement and select the correct code:
1. In Flatworm , hooks and suckers are present as the parasitic adaptation inside the host body.
2. Some of th flatworm absorb nutrients from the host directly through their body surface.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Neither 1 nor 2
D. Both 1 and 2
Answer : D
8. In Flatworm, Development is indirect with
A. One larval stage
B. Two larval stage
C. Three larval stage
D. Many larval stage
Answer : D
9. Consider the following condition that were appeared first in flat worms and select the correct code;
1. Triploblastic
2. Organ level of organisation
3. Bilateral symmetry
A. 1 2 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 3 only
D. 1 only
Answer : A
10. Identify the following diagram.
A. Fasciola
B. Lumbricus
C. Ancyclostoma
D. Planaria
Answer : A
11. Which one of following is a Tape worm.
A. Fasciola
B. Planaria
C. Ascaris
D. None of the above
Answer : D
12. Fasciola complete its life cycle with which of the following two intermediate host.
A. Fish and copepods
B. Mosquito and sheep
C. Snail and fish
D. Snail and Sheep
Answer : D
13. Which one of the following is a human liver fluke.
A. Fasciola
B. Taenia
C. Planaria
D. Ascaris
Answer : A
14. Which one of following features is not present in all members of the flat worm.
A. Excretion by flame cells
B. Acoelomate
C. Bilateral symmetrical
D. Absorption of food through body surface
Answer : D
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