Phylum Chordata: NCERT Biology Notes, Classification & MCQs for NEET
By Pavan Chaturvedi
Welcome to Chaubey Biology Hub, your premier destination for high-quality, NCERT-aligned medical entrance preparation. We take pride in delivering content that doesn't just mirror textbooks but decodes them. This guide on Phylum Chordata: NCERT Biology Notes, Classification & MCQs for NEET is meticulously crafted to meet the rigorous standards of the NTA NEET-UG syllabus, focusing exclusively on the core concepts that matter most."
Before diving into the Phylum Chordata: NCERT Biology Notes, Classification & MCQs for NEET ensure you have gone through comprehensive guide on Phylum : Hemichordata Notes, Examples & NEET MCQs (Class 11 Biology)
Table of Contents:
- Introduction to Phylum Chordata
- Fundamental Characteristics (NCERT Page 55)
- General Comparison between Non chordates and Chordates
- Classification of Phylum Chordata
- Urochordata & Cephalochordata (Protochordates)
- Vertebrata (Craniata)
- Conclusion: Final Thoughts on Phylum Chordata:
- Important NEET Questions & MCQs
Introduction to Phylum Chordata
- Phylum Chordata is the most advanced animal phylum and includes all vertebrates like fish, frogs, birds, and humans.
- Chordates appeared during the Cambrian explosion ∼540 million years ago. They are deuterostomes, meaning their anus develops first from the blastopore.
- The phylum is named after the notochord - a flexible rod that appears at least once in their life cycle. In lower chordates it persists, while in vertebrates it is replaced by the vertebral column.
- Though only ∼65,000 species, chordates dominate most ecosystems. Humans belong to Class Mammalia under this phylum. Studying lower chordates like Amphioxus helps us understand how vertebrates evolved from invertebrate ancestors.
💡 Quick Navigation: Back to [NEET Biology Full Course Hub] for more Unit-wise Study Material."
Fundamental Characteristics (NCERT Page 55) :
- Chordates are higher animals that have characteristics features like - Dorsal tubular nerve cord, dorsal Notochord and pharyngeal gill slit.
- In addition to this , they have closed circulatory system and a specific post anal tail.
- Chordates are Triploblastic , Coelomate, bilateral symmetrical with organ system level of organisation.
- In Non chordates, Notochord and pharyngeal gill slit are absent whereas these are present in Chordates.
- In some Non chordates, nerve cord is ventrally located but all chordates have nerve cord located dorsally.
💡 Related study to understand the Phylum Echinodermata: Notes, Examples & NEET MCQs (Class 11 Biology)
- In Non chordates, central nervous system is ventral solid and double whereas In chordates, Central nervous system is dorsal hollow and single.
- Post anal tail is absent in Non chordates but present in Chordates.
- Heart is dorsal in Non chordates whereas Heart is in ventral side in Chordates.
Comparison table between Chordates & Non chordates
| Feature | Chordates 🔵 | Non-Chordates 🔴 |
|---|---|---|
| Notochord | Present | Absent |
| Central Nervous System | Dorsal, Hollow, Single | Ventral, Solid, Double |
| Pharyngeal Gill Slits | Present | Absent |
| Heart Position | Ventral (Front) | Dorsal (Back) |
| Post-anal Tail | Present | Absent |
Classification of Phylum Chordata
- Chordates are divided into Protochordata and Vertebrata
- Protochordates include Urochordates and cephalochordates
📌 Classification Hierarchy:
- 🔹 Sub-phylum: Urochordata Example : Ascidia
- 🔹 Sub-phylum: Cephalochordata Example, Amphioxus
- 🔹 Sub-phylum: Vertebrata Example. Humans, Fishes)
- Vertebrata is divided into Agnatha and Gnathostomata.
- Term Agnatha refer to absence of jaws and it include the member of Cyclostomata.
📌 Video Highlights & Quick Navigation (NEET Special):
- 00:00 - Phylum Chordata Introduction 🧬
- 01:30 - Fundamental Features (NCERT Based)
- 05:20 - Chordates vs Non-chordates: Main Differences 📊
- 07:05 - Evolutionary Connection: Chordates & Vertebrates
- 10:23 - NEET Must-Know: All Vertebrates are Chordates?
- 11:48 - Protochordata: Urochordata & Cephalochordata
- 13:30 - Summary & NEET Revision Tips 🔱
- Gnathostomata is further divided into Pisces 🐟 and Tetrapods.
- Tetrapods include Amphibian, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals.
- Term Vertebrates is used for such chordates in which Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column that can be cartilaginous or Bony.
- But, all chordates do not have vertebral column that is notochord is not replaced into vertebral column.
- Therefore, all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates.
- For example: In urochordates and cephalochordates, notochord is not replaced by vertebral column hence they are chordates but not vertebrates.
- Beside chordates characters, vertebrates has kidney for excretion and osmoregulation. Three and four chambered of muscular heart and fin or limb 🦵 for locomotion.
🦁 Zoology Shortcut: > Master all Animal Phyla from Porifera to Chordata with our easy-to-remember comparison tables: 👉 Animal Kingdom: High-Yield ModuleConclusion: Final Thoughts on Phylum Chordata:
- In conclusion, Phylum Chordata is one of the most significant groups in the Animal Kingdom, representing the peak of evolutionary complexity.
- For NEET and board exams, focus specifically on the 'Fundamental Four' characteristics and the specific differences between Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and Vertebrata.
- Remember, 'All vertebrates are chordates, but all chordates are not vertebrates'—this single concept is the key to many competitive questions. Keep revising the NCERT diagrams and practice the comparison tables regularly to stay ahead in your preparation."
💡 Interesting Fact for NEET & Global Learners:
"Did you know? Even though they live in the ocean, Whales are Chordates but not Fishes—they are Mammals! They possess mammary glands and breathe through lungs, which distinguishes them from the fish category."
Student Interaction Section:
💬 Let’s Test Your Knowledge!
How many MCQs did you get right? Share your score in the Comments below! If you have any doubts regarding Chordata or any other Biology topic, feel free to ask. I will be happy to help you clear your concepts.
Stay tuned : In our next post, we will dive deep into Chordates division : Urochordata and phylum Cephalochordata Don't miss it.
🎯 NEET MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
🔥 100% CHALLENGE
"Questions yahi se aayega... taiyari jeet ki!"
1. Consider the following fundamental features of Chordata and select the correct code
1. Dorsal nerve cord
2. Notochord
3. Pharyngeal gill slit
4. Dorsal heart
A. 1 2 and 3
B. 2 3 and 4
C. 1 3 and 4
D. 1 2 3 and 4
Answer: A
2. Which of the following feature was first appeared in the Chordata.
A. Triploblastic condition
B. Closed circulatory system
C. Post anal tail
D. Bilateral symmetry
Answer: C
3. Consider the following statement and select the correct code:
1. In Non chordates , central nervous system is ventral solid and double
2. In chordates, Central nervous system is dorsal hollow and single.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
4. Consider the following Diagram and Select the corresponding option with A and B
A B
A. Gill slit Notochord
B. Notochord Gill slit
C. Nerve cord Noto chord
D. Notochord. Nerve cord
Answer: C
5. Which of the following group of Chordates are considered as Protochordates.
A. Urochordates and vertebrates
B. Cephalochordates and Vertebrates
C. Urochordates and Cephalochordates
D. Urochordates, Cephalochordates and Vertebrates
Answer: C
6. Which of the following group do not have Jaws.
A. Gnathostomata
B. Agnatha
C. Protochordates
D. Urochordates
Answer : B
7.In chordates which of the following is not dorsally located.
A. Heart
B. Nerve cord
C. Notochord
D. Central nervous system
Answer: A
8 . In which of following group , Notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.
A. Protochordates
B. Urochordates
C. Cephalochordates
D. Gnathostomata
Answer: D
9. Which of following statement is not correct.
A. In All chordates , notochord is replaced by vertebral column.
B. In all vertebrates, notochord is replaced by the vertebral column.
C. All chordates are not vertebrates.
D. All vertebrates are chordates.
Answer: A
10. Which of following statement is not correct.
A. Protochordates are divided into Urochordates and cephalochordates.
B. Vertebrata is divided into Agnatha and Gnathostomata
C.Gnathostomata is further divided into Pisces and Tetrapods.
D. Agnatha is divided into Amphibian, Reptiles, Birds and Mammals.
Answer: D
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