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Class Aves (Birds): Characteristics, Classification & Important NEET Notes

 


Definition 

  • Aves are class of  vertebrates that are worm blooded including bird in which fore limb are modified into wings.

Table of Contents

  1. ​Introduction to Class Aves (Birds)
  2. ​Key Characteristics (Pneumatic Bones, Feathers)
  3. ​Digestive & Respiratory System Specialities
  4. ​Flightless Birds vs Flying Birds
  5. ​Comparison Table: Aves vs Reptilia
  6. ​Important Examples for NEET
  7. ​Practice MCQs
General Characters 

  • Body is covered by feathers. Most of birds can fly except some birds which are flight less birds.
  • Fore limbs are modified into wing whereas hind limb are adapted for walking, swimming or clasping the tree branches. Hind limb have scales.
  • Skin is dry  without glands. An oil gland is present only at  base of tail.
  • Endoskeleton is made up of bone and fully ossified.
  • Long bone is pneumatic because bone is hollow with air cavity.
  • Digestive tract has two additional chamber crop and gizzard.
  • Heart has four chambers. Two Atrium and two ventricles.
  • They are warm blooded or homeo thermal. They maintain their body temperature .
  • Respiration take place by lung. Lung are connected with air sac which are accessory respiratory organ.
  • Fertilization is internal. Saxes are seprate. Development is direct and they are oviparous.
Watch my detailed video lecture on Aves here:"

  • Birds have been evolved from reptiles. It is essential to understand the comparison between Aves and Reptiles.

Feature

Reptilia (सरीसृप)

Aves (पक्षी)

Body Covering

Dry/Cornified scales

Feathers (पंख)

Body Temp

Poikilothermic (Cold-blooded)

Homeothermic (Warm-blooded)

Bones

Solid bones

Pneumatic bones (खोखली हड्डियाँ)

Heart

3-Chambered (Crocodile 4)

4-Chambered

Respiration

Lungs

Lungs with Air Sacs

Example of Aves
1. Corvus
  • It is commonly called as House Crow.
  • It is most common, most familiar and most intelligent bird.
  • It's body length in 32 to 42 cm in length.
  • Eyes are large. Mouth has elongated beak.

  • Tail has elongated feathers.
  • Neck and breast are grey.
  • Feet has 3 toes in front and one toes in back and adapted for perching.
  • It is omnivorous and important scavenger in nature. 
2. Psittacula
  • It is commonly called as Rose ringed parakeet or Tota.
  • Typical red bill is short , stout and deeply hooked.
  • It's body is slender with long pointed tail.
  • The black or rose pink collar is present  in male but absent in female.
  • Feet are adapted for grasping.

  • Fruit and ripening fruits are prominent fruit of Psittacula.
  • It is a popular cage bird and can be taught to repeat  some words or sentence.
3. Columba
  • It is commonly called as black  rose pigeon or Kabutar.
  • Two dark bar are present on wing and one band is present across the end of tail.

  • It's body length  is 32 cm or  more in length.
  • Male and female are not same.
  • Columba feed cereals pulses , ground nut etc.
  • It is a semi domesticated animals.
4. Pavo
  • It is commonly called as Peacock  or Mor in hindi. It has been selected as national bird of India.
  • The gorgeous ocellated or eye train  of the cock is actually not it's tail but abnormally lengthened upper tail covert.
  • It's  feet are well adapted for scratching and running. Feet are adapted for grasping.

  • The feathers are with aftershaft. The bill is short. Peacock has been eyesight and hearing.
  • It feed grains, vegetable but also feed insect, lizard and small snakes.
5. Struthio
  • It is commonly called as Ostrich. Male ostrich is Black in color whereas female is brown.
  • The head is small and bill is short. Eyes are big brown in color with black eyelashes.
  • Ostrich has strong legs with two toes and used escape from predator. It can gain speed almost 80 Km per hour.
  • Ostrich are omnivorous , it feed on plants and insects.
  • It is a flightless birds because keel bone is absent therefore its flight muscles are not functional.
  • It's leg have massive muscles so it can give serous injury after kicking.
  • Ostrich spent nomadic life style and is  diurnal. It remain active at early day or evening.
5. Aptenodyte 
  • It is commonly called as Penguin. It is an aquatic birds and flightless.
  • Its skin has a thick layer called blubber. It act as a insulator and prevent to loss the body heat in clod climate.

  • It has short feather 🪶. It also has flipper   for the swimming.
  • It has strong leg with webbed feet. It also has a short tail like wedge.
  • It's bill is long and thin. Its skin has salt glands.
  • They are monogamous in breeding and found in herd.
6. Neophron
  • It is commonly called as vulture. 
  • It has long , pointed and hooked bill to tear the  piece of food.
  • They have very sharp eye sight to see the food and to avoid the predator.
  • They have bare head and neck to keep clean while eating.

  • Vultures are carnivorous and are quite social.
  • Vultures are scavenger in Ecosystem.

1. Which of the following statement is incorrect for Aves.

A.Body is covered by the feathers in Birds. 
B. Most of birds can fly except some birds which are flight less birds.
C. Hind limb are adapted for walking, swimming or clasping the tree branches.
D.Fore limb has numerous scales .
Answer: D  

2. Given below are two statements and select the correct option
Statement I : Fore limb can not be seen morphologically in Aves.
Statement Il : Fore limbs are modified into wings.
A. Statement l is true and statement ll is false.
B. Statement l is false and statement ll is true.
C. Both statement I and II is true.
D. Both statement I and II is false.
Answer: C 

3. In members of Aves, scales can be seen in
A. Beak
B. Forelimb
C. Skin
D. Hind limb.
Answer: D 

4. Skin of Aves is
A. Moist and without gland
B. Dry and without gland
C. Moist and with skin gland
D. Dry and with skin gland
Answer: B 

5. Which one of the following only gland is present at base of the tail in birds.
A. Mucus gland.
B. Parotid gland
C. Sweat gland
D.Oil gland
Answer: D 

6. Which of the following statement is incorrect for Aves.
A. Endoskeleton is made up  cartilage.
B. Endoskeleton is made up of bone and fully ossified.
C.  Long bone is pneumatic.
D. Bone is hollow with air cavity.
Answer: A 

7. Which of the following two additional chamber are present in alimentary canal of Birds.
A. Proventriculus & Ventriculus
B. Crop and Gizzard
C. Crop and Ventriculus 
D. Gizzard and proventriculus.
Answer: B 

8. Which of the following statement is incorrect for Aves.
A. Heart has two Atrium and two ventricles.
B. They are coldblooded  and maintain their body temperature .
C.  Endoskeleton is made up of bone and fully ossified.
D. Development is direct and they are oviparous
Answer: B 

9. Which of the following structure is  connected with air sac which are accessory respiratory organ.
A. Nasal chamber
B. Lungs
C. Tracheal
D. Bronchioles
Answer: B 

10. Which of the following is National bird of India.
A. Corvus
B. Pavo
C. Psittacula
D. Neophron
Answer: B 

10. Which of the following pair of birds are flightless.
A. Struthio and Aptenodyte 
B. Corvus and Psittacula
C. Columba and Neophron
D. Neophron and Aptenodyte
Answer: A  

11. Match the list
A. Corvus        1.Pigeon
B. Columba     2. Vulture
C. Psittacula    3. Parrot 
D. Neophron   4.Crow                                     
     A      B       C      D
A.  1       2       3       4
B.  1       3        2      4
C.  4       1       3       2
D.  4       3       1       2
Answer : C 


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