Class Mammals : General Characteristics, Classification and Examples | Class 11 Biology
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Table of Contents
- ๐ Mammals : Introduction
- ๐ General characters of Mammals
- ๐ Examples of Mammals
- ๐ Comparison Table between three group of Mammals
- ๐ Conclusion
- ๐ MCQs For the NEET
Mammals : Introduction
- Class Mammals represents the most evolved and dominant group of animals in the kingdom Animalia.
- The name "Mammals" is derived from the presence of Mammary Glands, which are specialized milk-producing glands used by females to nourish their young ones.
- Mammals are found in diverse habitats ranging from polar ice caps, deserts, and mountains to forests, grasslands, and dark caves. Some have even adapted to fly (Bats) or live in water (Whales and Dolphins)
General characters of Mammals
- The presence of Mammary glands to nourish the young one is prominent character of Mammals.
- They have two pairs of limb for the walking, running, swimming, flying , burrowing etc.
- The skin of Mammals are covered by hair.
- External ears are present called Pinna.
- Teeth are of diffrent types.
- It has four chamber : Two auricle and two ventricles.
- Respiration occurs by lung.
- Development is direct. Saxes are separate. Fertilization is internal. They are viviparous with few exception like ornithorhyncus.
- They are homeo thermal or warm blooded because they can maintain their body temperature. They are found in different habitat like glaciers, Mountain, forest , Grassland and Dark caves.
- A muscular diaphragm is present to assist in respiration, a feature unique to mammals.
๐ก Related study to understand the Phylum Chordata: NCERT Biology Notes, Classification & MCQs for NEET
- Class Mammals is one of the most evolved classes under Phylum Chordata."
๐ผ Video Index & Quick Navigation
Click on any topic to jump directly to that part of the video:
- ⏳ 00:03 - Introduction to Mammals
- ⏳ 00:44 - Mammary Glands (เคธ्เคคเคจ เค्เคฐंเคฅि) Explained
- ⏳ 02:09 - Limbs and Adaptation
- ⏳ 02:47 - Skin Hair & Warm-blooded Nature
- ⏳ 03:40 - Pinna & Dental Features
- ⏳ 04:39 - Heart & Respiration
- ⏳ 05:03 - Reproduction & Viviparity
- ⏳ 06:04 - Mammal Examples & Scientific Names
- ⏳ 07:34 - Aquatic Mammals: Dolphin & Whale
- ⏳ 09:26 - Special Case: Egg-laying Mammals
Pro Tip: Watch the full video to master the exceptions for NEET!
Classification of Mammals
- Mammals are broadly divided into three categories based on how they give birth:
Major Categories of Mammals
| Category | Description | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Prototheria | Egg-laying mammals (Oviparous). No functional nipples. | Ornithorhynchus (Platypus) |
| Metatheria | Pouched mammals. Immature birth; development in Marsupium. | Macropus (Kangaroo) |
| Eutheria | Placental mammals. Fully developed birth. High maternal care. | Rattus (Rat), Canis (Dog), Elephas (Elephant) |
๐กNEET Flashcard: All mammals have mammary glands, but Prototherians do not have nipples (teats).
- Mammals are coelomate, triploblastic, bilateral symmetrical with organ system level of organisation.
๐ก Related study to understand the : Class Pisces: Detailed Comparison of Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes for NEET Biology
Examples of Mammals
Ornithorhyncus :
- It is commonly called as Duck billed platypus. It is an egg laying or oviparous mammals and found in semi aquatic conditions.
- It is found in Eastern Australia and Tasmania. It has a snout, short legs webbed feet for swimming and tail. It feed crustacean, fish , frog , Molluscan etc.
- They do not have teeth and used their bill to crush the food.
- The female lays eggs one to three in number and young one are hatched after four months.
- Male has a spur on heel and connected with the poison sting glands.
- The female does not have nipple to release milk hence platypus use their skin to release its milk.
Macropus :
- It is commonly called as kangaroo . It is a marsupial or pouched mammals and found in terrestrial conditions.
- It is found in south west Australia and Tasmania. It has powerful hind limb for hopping and leaping as mode of locomotion.
Pro Tip for NEET Aspirants:
Biology is all about connections! While you master the Animal Kingdom don't forget that Plant Kingdom carries equal weightage in NEET-UG. If you need a quick break from zoology to revise Animal Classification, check out our [Complete Plant Kingdom Study Module]. It covers everything from Algae to Gymnosperm with NCERT-based shortcuts!
- They also have a long tail for balancing. They are herbivores and have an additional chamber similar to ruminants.
- They are active during day and live solitary or some time in gregarious condition.
- It is commonly called as Flying fox. It is found in tropical, subtropical forest and mangrove.
- It feed fruit, nectar, pollen and follow vegetarian diet. During spring and summer season, they are found in big group for birth of young one.
- The young ones are carried by their mother. The face is fox like, short wings for flying.
- They have good capacity for eyesight and smell.They are walked for long distance in search of good food.
- They are nocturnal and vulnerable to extinct.
Camelus:
- It is commonly called as Camel. It has one hump on their back and hump is composed of connective tissue and fat.
- When fat of hump is metabolised than it act as source of Energy. It's neck is long and curved. Feets are broad and large.
- They have four teats. Nostril are slit like and can be closed to prevent the entry of sand.
- Eyes have long eyelids from the protection of sand. Mouth has prehensile lips. Upper lip is divided into two halves.
- This animal is better adapted to survive in very hot condition and sandy habitat.
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Rattus :
- It is commonly called as Rat. It has slender body with pointed head. It has prominent eyes and ears.
- They are different in color like black, White, brown etc.
๐กRelated study to understand the : Class Amphibia: General Characteristics and Classification (NEET Biology)
- Rats are herbivores or Except Antartica, They are found in each continents.
- The gestation period of Rat is approx 26 days and give birth 11 to 22 young one per year.
- Rats are social animal and want to be live and sleep together in a group.
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Felis:
- Cat is included in this genus. It can jump and climb easily due to presence of flexible body and strong limb.
- It has fine hairs as Whiskers at cheek and above the eyes.
- Their tongue has numerous papillae to feed the flash.
- It has sharp vision and special membrane on eye which reflect light. These are good hunters and carnivores.
Macaca:
- It is commonly called as Monkey. They spent arboreal life but also found in home.
- They have large space at cheeks for storage of foods. They have a long tail for balancing during jumping.
- Their teeth are bilophodont with incisor and canine.
- They live in social group led by male individuals.
- They are primate and share some characters with the human.
Balaenoptera:
- It is commonly called as Blue Whale.It has streamlined body to swim actively.
- It migrated to pole in summer for feeding and move to equator in winter for breeding.
- It has a thick layer of fat under the skin called blubber.
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- It is largest animal reach up to 100 feet in length and may acquire body weight up to 200 tonn.
- Snout is pointed and have a dorsal hook fin on back of body.
Conclusion:
- Class Mammalia represents the pinnacle of animal evolution with their complex organ systems and parental care.
- From the tiny shrew to the massive Blue Whale, mammals have conquered every habitat on Earth.
- Understanding their classification is crucial for exams like NEET and Class 11 Biology.
๐ฏ NEET MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
๐ฅ 100% CHALLENGE
"Questions yahi se aayega... taiyari jeet ki!"
1. Which of the following statement is incorrect for Mammals.
A. The presence of Mammary glands to nourish the young one
B. Presence of two pairs of limb for the walking, running, swimming, flying , burrowing.
C. External ears are present called tympanum
D. The skin of mammals are covered by hair.
Answer: C
2. In Mammals, pinna are present as
A. Internal ear
B. External ear
C. Nostril
D. Tympanum
Answer: B
3. Which of the following statement is incorrect for Mammals.
A. Teeths are of different types.
B. Heart has two Atrium and two ventricles
C. Respiration takes place by lungs.
D. Development is indirect.
Answer: D
4. All mammals are viviparous Except
A. Ornithorhyncus
B. Macropus
C. Pteropus
D. Balaenoptera.
Answer: A
5. Given below are two statements and select the correct option
Statement I : Mammals are homeo thermal or warm blooded because they can maintain their body temperature.
Statement Il : They are found in different habitat like glaciers,Mountain, forest , Grassland and Dark caves.
A. Statement l is true and statement ll is false.
B. Statement l is false and statement ll is true.
C. Both statement I and II is true.
D. Both statement I and II is false.
Answer: C
6. Match the list
A. Macropus 1. Cat
B. Canis 2. Monkey
C. Felis 3. Dog
D. Macaca 4.Kangaroo
A B C D
A. 1 2 3 4
B. 1 3 2 4
C. 4 1 3 2
D. 4 3 1 2
Answer : D
7. Which of the following Mammal is Flying fox.
A. Neophron
B. Pteropus
C. Macropus
D. Balaenoptera
Answer: B
8. Match the list
A. Blue whale 1. Balaenoptera
B. Delphinus 2. Dolphin
C. Eqqus 3.Horse
D. Elephas 4. Elephant
A B C D
A. 1 2 3 4
B. 1 3 2 4
C. 4 1 3 2
D. 4 3 1 2
Answer : A
9. Which of the following pairs of Mammals are aquatic.
A. Macropus and Pteropus
B.Balaenoptera and Delphinus
C.Equus and Macaca
D. Ornithorhyncus and Elephas
Answer: B
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