Morphology of Flowering Plants: Flower & Inflorescence Notes for NEET
By Pavan Chaturvedi
Welcome to Chaubey Biology Hub, your premier destination for high-quality, NCERT-aligned medical entrance preparation. We take pride in delivering content that doesn't just mirror textbooks but decodes them. This guide on Root and Stem Morphology is meticulously crafted to meet the rigorous standards of the NTA NEET-UG syllabus, focusing exclusively on the core concepts that matter most."
Before exploring the anatomical details of the Morphology of Flowering Plants: Flower & Inflorescence Notes for NEET ensure you have reviewed our previous post on Morphology of Flowering Plants: Root & Stem NCERT Notes + Practice MCQs for NEET to understand the evolutionary context of flowering plants (Angiosperms) in the NEET journey."
Table of content
- Introduction to the Flower
- Essential and Non essential organ in flower
- Complete and Incomplete flower
- Staminate and Pistillate flower
- Monoceious and Dioceious flower
- Isomery in Flower
- Floral Phyllotaxy
- Floral symmetry
- inflorescence : Racemose and cymose
- Hypogynous , Perigynous and epigynous flower
- NEET Practice MCQs
Introduction to the Flower
- Flower is a special reproductive structure found in Angiosperm plants. It develops in the axil of a small leaf like structure called bract.
- If a flower bears bract then it is called bracteate or it is absent called ebracteate. The stalk of a flower is called a pedicel.
- A pedicel bearing flower is called a pedicellate. If the pedicel is small the flower is sub sessile and if the pedicel is absent then the flower is sessile.
Essential and Non essential organ in flower
- The tip of the pedicel has a swollen structure called thalamus or receptacle. It bears calyx , corolla, androecium and Gynoecium.
- Out of these androecium and Gynoecium are essential organs because they take part in reproduction.
- Calyx and corolla are not take part directly in reproduction so they are a non essential organ of the flower and are called as accessory reproductive organ.
- In some flowers like waterlily, calyx and corolla are not distinct. It is called as Perianth.
💡 Related study to understand the Morphology of Flowering Plants: Root & Stem NCERT Notes + Practice MCQs for NEET
Complete and Incomplete flower
- A complete flower has all four types of floral organ.
- If any floral organ like sepals or petals or stamens or carpels is absent . Then the flower is said to be incomplete .
Staminate and Pistllate flower
- If a flower has both essential organs then it is perfect. A perfect flower may be hermaphrodite or bisexual.
- If a flower has only one type of essential organ it is called unisexual or imperfect.
- A flower is staminate when only stamen is present and flower is pistillate when only pistil is present.
- The flower is neuter if all essential organs are absent or non functional.
Monoceious and Dioceious flower
- A unisexual flower may be male or female. If male and female flowers are present on the same plant then the plant is Monoecious.
- if male and female plants are present on a different plant than the plant is said to be Dioecious. Castor, Maize, Cucurbits are monoecious plants whereas Papaya, Date palm are Dioecious.
💡 Key point for NEET
📝 A plant that has more than two types of flower like bisexual or unisexual such plants are called Polygamous like Mango.
Isomery in Flower
- Isomery is a condition in which a flower has the same basic number of parts in different floral organs.
- A flower is bimerous like Mustard whereas onion is an example of trimerous.
- A flower with different basic number of parts called heteromerous. Solanum nigrum is an example of heteromerous because it has five sepals, five petals, five stamen and two carpal.
Floral Phyllotaxy
- The arrangement of different floral organs on the thalamus is called floral phyllotaxy.
- When all floral organs are developed spirally, called spiral phyllotaxy in Magnolia.
- In Mustard Onion Cyclic phyllotaxy is seen because floral organs are borne in a whorl.
- An intermediate condition found in Ranunculus in which some floral organs are borne spirally and some borne in whorl, called Spirocyclic.
Floral symmetry
- The arrangement of different floral organs around the axis of the flower.
- The axis of the stem on which the flower is developed is called the mother axis.
- If a flower is divided into two equal radial halves by any radial plane passing through the center then the flower is radial symmetrical or Actinomorphic like Mustard, Datura, Solanum.
- If a flower is divided into two equal vertical halves by only a single vertical plane passing through the center then the flower is bilateral symmetrical or Zygomorphic like Pea Bean Cassia .
- A flower is asymmetrical if it can not be divided into two equal halves like Canna Opuntia. This flower is irregular or asymmetrical
Regular and irregular flower
- If a flower is said to regular if there is no difference in shape size color and origin in member of each type of floral organ like Mustard.
- If a flower is said to irregular if there is any difference in shape size color and origin in member of each type of floral organ.
- A flower cane be trimerous, tetramerous pentamerous if floral appendages are present in multiple of 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
💡 Related study to understand the The Leaf: Morphology, Venation, Types & Phyllotaxy – NEET Biology Notes
Inflorescence : Racemose and Cymose
- A flower is a modified shoot. When shoot meristem in converted into floral meristem, flower is developed.
- The apex of floral meristem develops different floral appendages at node of stem.
- A solitary flower is developed when shoot tip is transformed into flower.
- Inflorescence is arrangement and distribution of flowers on the floral axis.
- Flowers are developed from the axillary or terminal buds Flowers are arranged in single in number or found in groups.
- When flower is single, called solitary or arranged in groups called inflorescence.
 |
| Racemose and Cymose |
Types Of Inflorescence
Racemose -
- In this inflorescence, flowers are produced in indefinite number due to continue growth of peduncle.
- If the peduncle is elongated than flowers are arranged in acropetal succession. If the peduncle is flattened than flowers are arranged in centripetal succession.
💡 Key point for NEET
📝 In acropetal order, young flowers are located towards the growing tips and older flowers are located towards the base.
📝In Basipetal order, young flowers are located towards the center and older flowers are located towards the periphery..
📝In Basipetal order, young flowers are located towards the center and older flowers are located towards the periphery..
Cymose :
- In cymose, inflorescence where growth of the main stem stops after the growth of a flower. The flowers are arranged in a basipetal manner.
- There are three types of form of thalamus as regard to the insertion of carpal in relation to the other floral organ.
- On the basis of position of calyx , corolla and androecium with respect to ovary, flowers are described as hypogynous perigynous and epigynous
Hypogynous flower -
- Thalamus is conical with gynoecium occupying the top position while other floral organ are borne below it.
- Ovary is superior while other floral parts are inferior. Hypogynous condition is also called the Hypogyny.
- Thalamus is free from the wall of ovary and thalamus is not expanded.
- Sepals petals and stamens are well spaced therefore all parts of gynoecium are visible. It can be seen in Mustard , Brinjal , China Rose ,Ranunculus.
Perigynous flower -
- Thalamus is disk like cup ike or flask like which is free from the wall of ovary thalamus is expanded on both the side.
- Sepals petals and stamen are developed from the margins.
- Gynoecium will be visible wholly or partly depending upon the shape of the thalamus.
- Gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of flower are located on the rim of thalamus at the same level. Ovary is half inferior. The perigynous thalamus is of following types -
- Disc shape - The thalamus is expanded and become flat like disc. Pea, Gram, Plum etc.
- Cup Shaped - The thalamus is enlarged and become cup like thalamus .The gynoecium is developed from the bottom.All floral organ form a rim of thalamus. It is found in Prunus and Preach.
- Flask shaped - Thalamus is enlarged and margin turn towards the upper side and assume flask shaped thalamus. The gynoecium is developed from the bottom.All floral organ form a rim of thalamus. For example - Rose.
 |
| Hypogynous ,Perigynous and Epigynous |
Epigynous flower -
- The thalamus is expand grow and enclose completely the ovary and fused.
- The other parts of flower are arisen above the ovary.
- The ovary is inferior and other parts are superior . This condition is found in Sunflower, cucumber, Guava, apple etc.
🎯 NEET MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
🔥 100% CHALLENGE
"Questions yahi se aayega... taiyari jeet ki!"
1.Which one of the following statement is incorrect.
A. Flower is developed, When shoot meristem in converted into floral meristem.
B.The apex of floral meristem develops different floral appendages at internode of stem.
C. A Flower is said to be solitary when shoot tip is transformed into flower.
D. The arrangement and distribution of flowers on the floral axis is called inflorescence.
Answer : B 2. Inflorescence can be classified on the basis of
A. Growth of floral axis
B. Number of floral appendages
C. Group of the flowers
D. Nature of axillary bud
Answer : A
3. Consider the following statement and select the correct code
1. In Racemose inflorescence,main axis grow continuously to develop the flowers.
2. Flower are arranged in acropetal order.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : C
4. Consider the following statement and select the correct code
1. In cymose inflorescence, main axis terminates at flower and growth of axis is limited.
2. Flower are arranged in Basipetal order.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : C
5. Swollen tip of pedicle that bear calyx , corolla androecium and Gynoecium called as
A. Receptacle
B. Thalamus
C. Receptacle and thalamus
D. Funicle
Answer: C
6. Consider the following statement and select the correct code
1. Androecium and Gynoecium do not take part in reproduction hence they are accessory reproductive organ.
2. Calyx and corolla take part in reproduction directly hence they are main reproductive organ.
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: D
7. Word Perianth refer to condition in which calyx and corolla are not distinct, seen in
A. Brinjal B.Pea
C. Water lily D. Mustard
Answer: C
8. Bracteate flower has bract at the base of pedicle. Bract signifies
A. Reduced leaf
B. Swollen leaf base
C. Reduced Petiole
D. Perianth
Answer: C
9. Match the list
A. Androecium & 1. Bisexual
Gynoecium in a
flower.
B. Androecium 2. Unisexual
& Gynoecium in
different
flower.
C.Flower with 3. Bracteate
the reduced leaf
at base of
pedicel
D.Flower is 4. Ebracteate
without
the bract.
A B C D
A. 4 3 2 1
B. 1 2 3 4
C. 1 3 2 4
D. 4 2 3 1
Answer: B
10. A flower is said to be trimerous, tetramerous and pentamerous when floral appendages are found in
........ Of 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
A. Multiple B. Number
C. Sum D. All of above
Answer: A
11. Match the List
A.If a flower 1. Radial
is divided in Symmetrical
to two equal
radial halves
by any radial
plane passing
through the
center .
B. If a flower 2. Bilateral
is divided in Symmetrical
to two equal
vertical halves
by only a single
vertical plane
passing through
the center.
C. If a flower 3.Asymmetrical
can not be
divided into
two equal halves
A B C
A. 2 3 1
B. 3 2 1
C. 1 3 2
D. 1 2 3
Answer: D
12. Which one of the following pair is correctly matched.
A. Radial symmetry: zygomorphic
B. Asymmetrical : Irregular
C. Bilateral symmetrical : Actinomorphic
D. Asymmetrical : Morphic
Answer: B
13. In Which of the following plant, irregular flower is present.
A. Canna B. Pea
C. Mustard D. Gulmohar
Answer: A
14. Consider the following actinomorphic flower and select the correct code .
1. Mustard 2. Datura
3. Chilli 4.Canna
A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 2, 3 and 4 D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
15. Match the List
A.If a flower 1.Canna
is divided in
to two equal
radial halves
by any radial
plane passing
through the
center .
B. If a flower 2. Cassia
is divided in
to two equal
vertical halves
by only a single
vertical plane
passing through
the center.
C. If a flower 3. Datura
can not be
divided into
two equal halves
A B C
A. 2 3 1
B. 3 2 1
C. 1 3 2
D. 1 2 3
Answer: B
16. Consider the following zygomorphic flower and select the correct code .
1. Pea 2. Bean
3. Cassia 4.Gulmohar
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 1, 3 and 4
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: C
17. On the basis of position of ovary with respect to calyx, corolla, androecium the flowers are divided into
A. Bisexual - Homosexual - unisexual
B. Trimerous - Tetramerous - Pentamerous
C. Actinomorphic- zygomorphic - irregular
D. Hypogynous - Perigynous - Epigynous
Answer: D
18. Match the List
A. In a flower 1.Epigynous
Gynoecium is
at highest
Position and
Other floral
Part are below
Of it. Hence
ovary is
superior.
B. In a flower 2.Hypogynous
Gynoecium is
located at centre
and other floral
Parts are at same
level.Hence
ovary is
half inferior.
C. In a flower 3. Perigynous
Thalamus grow
upward and
encloses the
ovary. Other
floral parts are
located above
the ovary.
ovary is
inferior.
A B C
A. 2 3 1
B. 3 2 1
C. 1 3 2
D. 1 2 3
Answer: A
19. Match the List
A. Plum 1.Epigynous
Rose
Preach
B. Mustard 2.Hypogynous
Rose
Brinjal
C. Guava 3. Perigynous
Cucumber
Sun flower
A B C
A. 2 3 1
B. 3 2 1
C. 1 3 2
D. 1 2 3
Answer: B
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