Tissue system related to plant anatomy in flowering plant

• Anatomy of parts of  plant reveal the tissues system in plants. 

• This Tissue system is broadly classified in to following types - 
• Epidermal tissue system This tissue system include epidermis and its appendage like  trichome, root hairs and stomata.

Epidermis - 

• It is outermost layer in almost parts of plant. It is made up of single layer of parenchyma with small amount of cytoplasm and large vacuole. 

• Epidermis is often covered by the a waxy layer called  cuticle to prevent the loss of water.

👌👌Remember -  Cuticle is absent in Roots.

• Stomata are minute pores present in epidermis of leaves. They regulate the gaseous exchange and amount of water through transpiration. 

• Each stomata is guarded by the two bean shaped cell called guard cells enclose stomatal pore. 

• The outer wall of guard cell which is located away from the stomatal pore, is  thin whereas the inner wall of guard cell towards the stomatal pore, is thick. 

• The guard cells is rich in chloroplast. Few epidermal cells near of guard cell are modified into subsidiary cells. 

• The  stomatal pore,  guard cells and subsidiary cells collectively form stomatal apparatus.

• The cells of epidermis of root  form root hairs. These are  unicellular and epidermal  in origin. Those absorbs water and mineral from soils to plant.

• In stem, epidermal hair are called trichome. They are multicellular and branch or unbranched and soft or stiff. 

• Trichome are secretary in function and help in preventing water loss due to transpiration.

Ground  tissue system - 

• This tissue include cortex, pericycle,  pith and medullary ray.  

• Cells of this tissue system is made up of parenchyma, sclrenchyma and collenchyma. 

• In leaf, chloroplasts containing cells mesophyll cell form ground tissue.

Vascular tissue system - 

• These tissue system include complex tissue like xylem and phloem. 

• The xylem and phloem together form vascular bundle in Monocot but vascular tissue in Dicot include xylem, phloem and cambium.

• When cambium is present between xylem and phloem, such vascular bundles are called open vascular bundle and present in dicot stem or root.

• In Monocot stem or root, cambium is not present between xylem and phloem, such vascular bundles are closed.

• When xylem and phloem in vascular bundles are arranged in alternate but in different radii. Such vascular bundle is called radial vascular bundle.
•  Radial vascular bundle are found in Root.

• When xylem and phloem in vascular bundles are arranged in same radii. Such vascular bundle are called conjoint vascular bundle. 

• Conjoint  vascular bundle are common in stem and leaves .