Plant Tissue System: Epidermal, Ground, and Vascular Tissue System | NEET & Global Biology Core
By Pavan Chaturvedi
Welcome to Chaubey Biology Hub, your premier destination for high-quality, NCERT-aligned medical entrance preparation. We take pride in delivering content that doesn't just mirror textbooks but decodes them. This guide on Anatomy of Flowering plants is meticulously crafted to meet the rigorous standards of the NTA NEET-UG syllabus, focusing exclusively on the core concepts that matter most."
Before exploring the anatomical details of the Plant Tissue System: Epidermal, Ground, and Vascular Tissue System | NEET & Global Biology Core, ensure you have reviewed our previous module on Plant Kingdom: Classification and Life Cycles to understand the evolutionary context of flowering plants (Angiosperms) in the NEET journey."
Table of Contents
- Introduction to Plant Tissue System
- Epidermal Tissue System
- Epidermal Cells & Cuticle
- Stomata & Guard Cells Mechanics (Dicot vs Monocot)
- Epidermal Appendages: Trichomes & Root Hairs
- Ground or Fundamental Tissue System
- Cortex, Pericycle, and Pith
- Mesophyll Layer in Leaves
- Vascular Tissue System
- Radial Vascular Bundles ( Roots)
- Conjoint Vascular Bundles ( Stem & Leaves)
- Open vs Closed Vascular Bundles ( Secondary Growth)
- High-Yield Assessment Zone (NCERT-Based Master MCQs)
- Includes 15+ Core Concept-Based Questions for Practice
Introduction to Plant Tissue System
- In the previous chapters, we studied that the basic structural unit of a plant is the cell.
- When cells with a common origin and similar functions group together, they form a tissue Parenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma.
- But how do these different tissues organize themselves to make a functioning plant body? This is where the Plant Tissue System comes into play.
The Core Concept:
- Sachs (1875) classified the tissue systems in plants into three major categories based on their location and structure .
- Whether it is a tiny herb or a giant redwood tree, the entire plant body is made up of only these three interconnected systems:
- Epidermal Tissue System : The outer protective covering of the plant (like our skin).
- Ground or Fundamental Tissue System : The main bulk of the plant body that performs photosynthesis and storage (like our flesh).
- Vascular Tissue System : The conducting network of Xylem and Phloem for water and food transport (like our blood vessels).
- Just like different organs in the human body work together, these three tissue systems coordinate flawlessly to help the plant grow, breathe, absorb water, and stand tall against gravity.
💡Related study to understand about the Morphology of Flowering Plants: Root & Stem NCERT Notes + Practice MCQs for NEET
Epidermal Tissue System
- The anatomy of different plant parts reveals a highly organized tissue system. The Epidermal tissue System forms the outermost protective covering of the entire plant body. It includes the epidermis and its specialized appendages, such as trichomes, root hairs, and stomata.
The Epidermis
- It is the outermost layer in almost all parts of the plant body.
- It is typically made up of a single layer of elongated, compactly arranged parenchymatous cells with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole.
- The outer surface of the epidermis is often covered with a thick, waxy layer called the cuticle, which plays a vital role in preventing the loss of water.
📌 NEET High-Yield Concept
💡Cuticle is strictly ABSENT in roots (because roots need to absorb water, not prevent it.
Stomata
- Stomata are minute pores present in the epidermis of leaves. They regulate the process of gaseous exchange (O2 and CO2) and water loss through transpiration.
- Guard Cells Mechanics: Each stoma is guarded by two bean-shaped cells called guard cells .
📌 NEET High-Yield Concept
📝 In grasses/monocots, these guard cells are dumb-bell shaped.
- Cell Wall Thickness: The outer wall of the guard cells (away from the stomatal pore) is thin and elastic, whereas the inner wall (towards the stomatal pore) is highly thickened.
- Chloroplast Rich: Guard cells possess chloroplasts and regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
- Subsidiary Cells: Sometimes, a few epidermal cells near the guard cells become specialized in their shape and size; these are called subsidiary cells.
- Stomatal Apparatus: The stomatal pore, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells collectively form the Stomatal Apparatus.
Epidermal Appendages: Root Hairs vs. Trichomes
Ground or Fundamental Tissue System
- All tissues except the epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the Ground Tissue System. It forms the main bulk of the plant body
- It includes the cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays in primary stems and roots.
- Cell This tissue system consists of simple permanent tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
- In leaf , the ground tissue consists of thin-walled, chloroplast-containing cells and is called the Mesophyll which is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma in dicots, crucial for photosynthesis.
💡 Related study to understand about the Leaf: Morphology, Venation, Types & Phyllotaxy – NEET Biology Notes
Vascular Tissue System
Open vs. Closed Vascular Bundles
- There are two types of vascular bundles on the basis of presence and absence of cambium .
Open Vascular Bundles :
- In dicotyledonous stems, Cambium is present between xylem and phloem.
- Because of the presence of cambium, these bundles possess the ability to form secondary xylem and phloem tissues that lead to Secondary Growth.
Closed Vascular Bundles:
- In monocotyledonous plants, the vascular bundles have no cambium present between xylem and phloem.
- Hence, they do not form secondary tissues and lack secondary growth.
 |
| Closed and open vascular bundle |
Radial vs. Conjoint Arrangements
- There are two types of vascular bundles on the basis of position of Xylem and Phloem
Radial Vascular Bundles:
- When xylem and phloem within a vascular bundle are arranged in an alternate manner along different radii, it is called a radial bundle
- Found in: Roots (Dicot & Monocot roots).
 |
| Radial Vascular bundle |
Conjoint Vascular Bundles:
🎯 NEET MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
🔥 100% CHALLENGE
"Questions yahi se aayega... taiyari jeet ki!"
Q1. Which one of the following pair of tissue is included in Epidermal tosse system.
A) Epidermis and Cuticle
B) trichome and Root hair
C) Stomata and Guard cells
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q2.Which one of the following statement is not correct for the Epidermis .
A) It is inner most layer in almost parts of plant.
(B )It is made up of single layer of parenchyma.
(C) Its cell has small amount of cytoplasm and large vacuole.
(D) Epidermis is often covered by the a waxy layer called cuticle.
A) It is inner most layer in almost parts of plant.
(B )It is made up of single layer of parenchyma.
(C) Its cell has small amount of cytoplasm and large vacuole.
(D) Epidermis is often covered by the a waxy layer called cuticle.
Q3 . Epidermis is often covered by the a waxy layer called cuticle to
(A) prevent the loss of water.
(B) Gaseous exchange
(C) Provide Anchorage
(D) All of the above
(A) prevent the loss of water.
(B) Gaseous exchange
(C) Provide Anchorage
(D) All of the above
Answer : A
Q4 . Cuticle is exclusively absent in
(A) Root
(B) Stem
(C) Leaf
(D) Stem & Root
(A) Root
(B) Stem
(C) Leaf
(D) Stem & Root
Answer : A
Q.5 Consider the following statement and select the correct code:
1. Stomata are minute pores present in epidermis of leaves.
2. They regulate the gaseous exchange and amount of water through transpiration.
(A) Only 1 (B) only 2
(C) Both 1 & 2. (D) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : C
Q.6 Each stomata is guarded by the two bean shaped cell which enclose stomatal pore. These cells are called as :
A. Subsidiary cells B. Guard cells
C. Epidermal cell D. All of the above
Answer : A
Q.7 Consider the following statement and select the correct code:
1. The outer wall of guard cell which is located away from the stomatal pore, is thick and tough .
2. The inner wall of guard cell towards the stomatal pore is thin and soft.
(A) Only 1
(B) only 2
(C) Both 1 & 2.
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer : D
Q.8 Which one of the following statement is CORRECT .
(A) The guard cells is rich in Mitochondria .
(B) Few epidermal cells near of guard cell are modified into subsidiary cells.
(C) The Epidermal cells , guard cells and subsidiary cells collectively form stomatal apparatus.
(D) Stomata are minute pores present in cuticle of leaves.
Answer : B
Q. 9 Which one of the following statement is incorrect.
(A) Root hairs are derived from the Epidermal cells of root .
(B) Root hair are unicellular .
(C) Root hair absorbs water and mineral from soils to plant.
(D) Root hairs are branched and secretary in functions.
Answer : D
Q.10 Consider the following structure of Epidermal tissue system help in water loss and select the correct code:
1. Cuticle 2. Epidermis
3. Root hairs. 4. Trichome
(A) 1 and 3 (B) 2 and 4
(C) 1 and 4 (D) 3 and 4
Answer : C
Q.11 Consider the following statement and select the correct code:
1. In stem, epidermal hair are called trichome which are multicellular.
2. Trichome are branch or unbranched and soft or stiff.
3..Trichome are secretary in function and help in preventing water loss due to transpiration.
(A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3 (D)1, 2 and 3
Answer : D
Q.12 Which one of the following ground tissue is present in leaf .
(A) Cortex (B) medullary ray
(A) Cortex (B) medullary ray
(C) Pericycle (D) Mesophyll
Answer : D
Q.13 Ground tissue system is made up of cells of which of the following Tissue system .
A. Parenchyma B.Collenchyma
C. Sclrenchyma D.All of the above
A. Parenchyma B.Collenchyma
C. Sclrenchyma D.All of the above
Answer : D
Q.14 Mesophyll are chloroplast containing cells, form Ground tissue system in
A. Root B. Leaf
C. Stem D. Flower
A. Root B. Leaf
C. Stem D. Flower
Answer : B
Q.15 consider the following sentences and select the number of correct statements :
1. During secondary growth ,Dicot plants increase in girth due to presence of Cambium .
2. In Monocot plants, Cambium is not present between the xylem and phloem.
3. The xylem and phloem together form vascular bundle in Monocot but vascular tissue in Dicot include xylem, phloem and cambium.
4. Secondary growth can be seen in Dicot stem and root.
A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
Answer : D
Q.18. Match the List
( Situations) (Vascular bundle)
A. Cambium is 1.Closed
Present between
the xylem and
Phloem .
B. Xylem &phloem 2.Open
are arranged in
alternate manner
in different
Radii.
C. Cambium is 3. Radial
Present between
the xylem and
Phloem .
D. Xylem &phloem 4.Conjoint
are arranged in
same Radii.
A B C D
A. 2 3 1 4
B. 3 2 1 4
C. 4 3 2 1
D. 4 2 3 1
Answer: A
Q. 19 which one of the following pair in incorrect.
A. Dicot stem : open and conjoint
B. Dicot root : open and radial
C. Monocot stem : open and conjoint
D. Monocot root : closed and radial
Answer : C
Q.20 Which one of the following statement is incorrect.
A. Radial vascular bundle are found in Root.
B. Conjoint vascular bundle are common in stem and leaves
C. Open vascular bundle is responsible for the secondary growth .
D. Closed vascular bundles are found in Dicot root and stem.
Answer : D
🚀 Agla Kadam (Next Steps)
Biology ki taiyari ko aur mazboot banayein!
Doston ke saath **Share** karein aur comment mein batayein agla topic kya ho!
Comments
Post a Comment